1
Largetooth Sawfish
Pristis pristis
The Largetooth sawfish not only is number 1 on the EDGE Shark list, but also has the highest-ranking score of any EDGE species!
Conservation Attention
Good
FOCAL EDGE SPECIES
1
Attenborough’s Long-beaked Echidna
Zaglossus attenboroughi
Attenborough’s long-beaked echidna, also known as Sir David’s Long-beaked Echidna, is the smallest and probably most threatened of the three long-beaked echidna species. Echidnas and platypus are the only mammals to lay eggs.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
2
Chinese Giant Salamander
Andrias davidianus
The Chinese giant salamander is the world’s largest amphibian, growing up to 1.8 metres long, with a large tail comprising almost 60% of the body length.
Conservation Attention
Good
2
Green sawfish
Pristis zijsron
Sawfish are characterised by their large and unique saw-like rostra used to detect electrical signals and to stun or pin down potential prey. The green sawfish is the largest of the sawfish species and is also known around the world as the longcomb, narrowsnout, or olive sawfish. All 5 sawfish species are listed within the top 10 EDGE Sharks!
Conservation Attention
Low
3
Purple Frog
Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis
The purple frog (or pig-nosed frog) spends much of its life underground, emerging briefly for a few days each year at the start of the monsoons to breed.
Conservation Attention
Low
4
Seychelles Palm Frog
Sechellophryne pipilodryas
The Critically Endangered Seychelles palm frog was only described as a new species in 2002, and details of its breeding behaviour are currently unknown.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
5
Thomasset’s Seychelles Frog
Sooglossus thomasseti
Thomasset’s frog is the largest of the Seychelles’ native frogs, reaching a maximum length of 55 mm, and is Critically Endangered.
Conservation Attention
Low
6
Hispaniolan Solenodon
Solenodon paradoxus
One of the most famous ‘living fossils’ and one of only a few venomous mammals, the Hispaniolan Solenodon is one of the last representatives of an ancient lineage of shrew like mammals that lived with dinosaurs from 76 million years ago.
Conservation Attention
Low
7
Bengal Florican
Houbaropsis bengalensis
This otherwise reclusive bird is best known for its elaborate courtship display, where the male’s black and white plumage is shown off to good effect in short arching display flights, as well as choreographed strutting – with fluffed up neck feathers and a head pumping action, to attract females.
Conservation Attention
Medium
9
Black Rhinoceros
Diceros bicornis
The black rhinoceros has four subspecies, one of which was declared extinct in 2011, with two others critically endangered.
Conservation Attention
Good
10
Mountainous Star Coral
Orbicella faveolata
Subject to a recent name change (previously known as Montastrea faveolata), Orbicella faveolata was distinguished from Orbicella annularis in 1994.
Conservation Attention
Low
13
Ganges River Dolphin
Platanista gangetica
The Ganges river dolphin is not only the only member of its genus, but of its family, Plantanistidae, representing an ancient lineage in the order Cetartiodactyla.
Conservation Attention
Medium
14
Bactrian Camel
Camelus ferus
The Bactrian Camel can withstand drought, food shortages, and even radiation from nuclear weapons testing.
Conservation Attention
Low
15
Philippine Eagle
Pithecophaga jefferyi
The Philippine Eagle is one of the world’s largest, most powerful birds of prey.
Conservation Attention
Medium
15
Hawksbill Turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata
Despite the Hawksbill turtle being a truly global species, females show the incredible behaviour of natal homing, returning to their original breeding grounds due to ‘breeding ground fidelity’.
Conservation Attention
Good
16
Northern Darwin’s Frog
Rhinoderma rufum
The Northern Darwin’s frog is one of only two frogs in the world which exhibit ‘mouth brooding’ parental care, whereby the young undergo part of their development in the parent’s mouth. It is possible this species is now extinct.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
17
Chinese Pangolin
Manis pentadactyla
Pangolins are the most trafficked mammals in the world, and the Chinese pangolin may be the most endangered of them all.
Conservation Attention
Low
18
Togo Slippery Frog
Conraua derooi
Reaching moderate sizes of 75-85 mm, it is not immediately obvious that the Togo slippery frog is a close relative of the world’s largest frog, the Goliath frog.
Conservation Attention
Low
18
Sunda Pangolin
Manis javanica
Pangolins are the world’s most trafficked mammal.
Conservation Attention
Medium
21
Hooded Grebe
Podiceps gallardoi
Only discovered in 1974 the Hooded Grebe is found in regions across Argentina and possibly Chile.
Conservation Attention
Medium
22
Toad-skinned Frog
Walkerana phrynoderma
The Critically Endangered toad-skinned frog is endemic to the Western Ghats of India. The family of frogs to which this species belongs diverged from all other amphibians over 80 million years ago.
Conservation Attention
Low
22
Round Island Keel-scaled Boa
Casarea dussumieri
The Round Island keel-scaled boa is unique amongst all terrestrial vertebrates on Earth, being the only species to have an intramaxilliary joint that can separate and split the anterior and posterior bones of the upper jaw.
Conservation Attention
Good
23
Pygmy Three-toed Sloth
Bradypus pygmaeus
The pygmy three-toed sloth is the smallest of the three-toed sloths, and was only recognised as a distinct species in 2001.
Conservation Attention
Low
28
Baird’s Tapir
Tapirus bairdii
Baird’s tapir is the largest indigenous mammal in Central America. Tapirs are a ‘primitive’ group that resemble the ancestor of rhinos and horses, and have remained morphologically similar for the last 35 million years.
Conservation Attention
Medium
28
Lithophyllon ranjithi
Lithophyllon ranjithi
This endangered coral species has a range which is restricted to one small area off the coast of north-eastern Borneo where it is easily misidentified as a closely related species, Lithophyllon undulatum.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
29
Pillar Coral
Dendrogyra cylindrus
Commonly known as Pillar Coral, colonies of this species are found in flat, sheltered locations ranging from the southern tip of Florida down to the coast of Venezuela.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
30
Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat
Coleura seychellensis
This bat belongs to an ancient family of sheath-tailed bats, so called because of the nature of the membrane which stretches between the hind legs.
Conservation Attention
Medium
32
Pygmy Hippopotamus
Choeropsis liberiensis
The pygmy hippo is the smaller, reclusive and nocturnal cousin to the more widely known common hippo.
Conservation Attention
Medium
32
Pearl Bubble Coral
Physogyra lichtensteini
Commonly known as the Pearl Bubble Coral, Physogyra lichtensteini is distinct due to its fleshy vesicles which are on display throughout the day providing refuge for several marine invertebrates including shrimp.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
33
Elephant Skin Coral
Pachyseris rugosa
Commonly named as the Elephant Skin Coral due to its wrinkly appearance, Pachyseris rugosa is a fairly common species on tropical reef systems within its range.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
34
Rondo Dwarf Galago
Galagoides rondoensis
The Rondo dwarf galgo is unique for its bottle-brush tail and call, is endemic to coastal Tanzania, was first described in 1996.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
34
Shoebill
Balaeniceps rex
This large waterbird is unmistakable due to its unique ‘shoe-shaped’ bill which gives it an almost prehistoric appearance – reminding us of birds’ dinosaur ancestry.
Conservation Attention
Good
38
Du Toit’s Torrent Frog
Arthroleptides dutoiti
There have been numerous surveys to locate Du Toit’s torrent frog since its last record in 1962, but all attempts have failed to find the species.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
39
Colombian Dwarf Gecko
Lepidoblepharis miyatai
Following its discovery in 1964, the Colombian dwarf gecko had not been seen again until a new population was recently discovered more than 100 km from the original location.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
41
Gardiner’s Seychelles Frog
Sechellophryne gardineri
Gardiner’s Seychelles frog is one of the world’s smallest frog species, with adults reaching the size of just 1 cm! This species is ground-dwelling and forages at night for small invertebrates such as mites.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
41
Heliofungia actiniformis
Heliofungia actiniformis
Unlike many Scleractinian corals, adult polyps of Heliofungia are solitary and free living.
Conservation Attention
Medium
41
West African Slender-snouted Crocodile
Mecistops cataphractus
The West African slender-snouted crocodile is known for its unmistakable long and slender snout, which lacks any bony ridges.
Conservation Attention
Medium
45
Seychelles Frog
Sooglossus sechellensis
The Seychelles frog is an incredibly tiny frog, with males reaching a maximum length of just 15 mm.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
49
Red Ruffed Lemur
Varecia rubra
The red ruffed lemur is one of the largest species of lemur.
Conservation Attention
Good
54
White-winged Flufftail
Sarothrura ayresi
The White-winged Flufftail is a very rare and tiny African bird which breeds north of the equator in Ethiopia and then migrates south to Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa.
Conservation Attention
Medium
60
Chacoan Peccary
Catagonus wagneri
The Chacoan peccary is a pig-like mammal with a long, flexible snout and a coat of grey brown bristly fur, and is the largest of the three living species of peccary.
Conservation Attention
Low
61
Western Gorilla
Gorilla gorilla
The Western gorilla is a heavily built primate and is one of the largest of the living apes, second only to the Eastern gorilla.
Conservation Attention
Good
68
Hirola
Beatragus hunteri
Perhaps the world’s rarest and most endangered antelope, the hirola is the sole survivor of a formerly diverse group, and is often referred to as a living fossil.
Conservation Attention
Low
74
Madagascar Frog
Mantidactylus pauliani
The Critically Endangered Madagascar frog was described in 1974, but was not recorded again for over 40 years until 2010.
Conservation Attention
Very Low
75
Eastern Long-beaked Echidna
Zaglossus bartoni
Long-beaked echidnas belong to an ancient clade of egg-laying mammals that includes the platypus of Australia. All are slow moving large mammals that live on forest floors.
Conservation Attention
Low
80
Red Slender Loris
Loris tardigradus
The red slender loris has extremely thin arms and legs and is arboreal (tree dwelling).
Conservation Attention
Low
86
Secretarybird
Sagittarius serpentarius
This elegant, long-legged bird kills its prey by repeatedly stamping on it.
Conservation Attention
Low
87
El Rincon Stream Frog
Pleurodema somuncurense
The Critically Endangered El Rincon stream frog exists on a single plateau in Argentinian Patagonia. Though temperatures in the region often plummet below freezing, the frog avoids the cold by spending its life in streams whose waters are heated by permanent thermal springs.
Conservation Attention
Low
90
West Indian Manatee
Trichechus manatus
The Sirenians (manatees and dugongs) are more closely related to elephants than to other marine mammals such as whales and dolphins.
Conservation Attention
Good
97
Banded Ground-cuckoo
Neomorphus radiolosus
Despite the large size of the Banded Ground-cuckoo, this species is inconspicuous and not easy to observe.
Conservation Attention
Low